Prospective standardized biobank-based validation studies are needed for noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis in symptomatic patients with pain and/or subfertility based on promising protein/peptide/micro-RNA (miRNA) biomarkers in peripheral blood and endometrium.
This contribution highlights the need for an objective diagnosis of endometrial factors to prevent reproductive failure that must be based on the genomic signature of endometrial receptivity.
Reflections on “The accuracy and reproducibility of the endometrial receptivity array is superior to histology as a diagnostic method for endometrial receptivity” by Diaz-Gimeno et al.
Nucleolar channel systems appear uniformly throughout the upper endometrial cavity, excluding the lower uterine segment, and preferentially in the functional luminal layers of the endometrium, indicating uniform secretory transformation.
Peripheral blood stem cell transplants did not result in endometrial engraftment in human and non-human primate models.
A review is presented of the role of aromatase in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, discuss the pharmacology of aromatase inhibitors, and examine clinical applications of aromatase inhibitors for endometriosis treatment.
An improved endometrial tissue culture system was developed. The cultured tissue responded to steroids, allowed leukemia inhibitory factor–dependent blastocyst attachment, and underwent decidualized reaction in vitro.
ABCG2 was strongly expressed in endothelial cells of microvessels of eutopic endometrium, and the density of ABCG2+ microvessels was reduced in ectopic endometrium except in cases of deep infiltrating endometriosis.
Milk fat globule–epidermal growth factor 8, a multifunctional epithelial protein in the human endometrium, and hCG modulate apoptosis of stromal cells.
Adult stem cells have been identified in human endometrium. Their ability to reconstruct endometrial tissue when transplanted into immunocompromised animals suggests their potential use for treating disorders associated with inadequate endometrium.
Proteomic analysis of neurotrophins within the functional layer of the endometrium identified two factors that are expressed differentially in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis compared to controls.
The different expression of PI-PLC enzymes in the endometrium and endometriosis tissue suggests the hypothesis that PI-PLC enzymes, main effectors in PI signaling, might be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Ezrin/phospho-ezrin immunoreactivity are present on apical surfaces of the luminal epithelium, around secretory vacuoles and in luminal secretions during the secretory phase. These findings have functional implications for implantation biology.
Androgens inhibit cell death of decidualizing endometrial stromal cells exposed to oxidative stress signals. Therefore, androgens might play a critical role for decidua processes of embryo implantation and trophoblast invasion.
Healthy endometrium has variable constitutive nuclear factor kB activity. Altered p65 activity in secretory endometrium from endometriosis patients may modulate endometrial dysfunctions associated with endometriosis pathophysiology.
Defective endometrial receptivity is secondary to intrauterine pathology or aberrant development of adhesive properties at the molecular level. Investigation and treatment of endometrial pathology will increase IVF success rates.
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